<p>The Fleur-de-Lys Studios, also known as Fleur-de-Lis Studios or Sydney Burleigh Studio, is a historic art studio, and an important structure in the development of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States. It is located at 7 Thomas Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. It was designed by Sydney Burleigh and Edmund R. Willson, and built in 1885. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The studio is a -story wood frame building, set on the densely built north side of Thomas Street, opposite the First Baptist Meetinghouse (also a National Historic Landmark). Its main facade is half-timbered, with elaborately stuccoed sections filling the spaces between the timbers. On the first level there are two bays, that on the right with a grouping of six casement windows in two tiers of three, of different sizes at each tier. The left bay has a recessed entranceway, topped by a row of stucco panels and windows above. The second level projects slightly, and has paired casement windows that project in a manner resembling a folding screen. On either side and in between these two sections are colored panels bearing allegorical representations of Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture. The triangular gable area above this level is shingled, with a recessed square window just below the gable point.</p><br>
<p>The interior is relatively simple, with an enclosed stair rising on the left side of the building to a mezzanine level, a full second floor, and the attic area. The first floor is divided, with a classroom and reception area in the south, and a studio space on the north side. A staircase in the northwest corner leads from the studio to the mezzanine. The mezzanine is open, with a small studio space over the entrance. Smaller studio spaces occupy the second floor and attic level.</p><br>
<p>The building was a design collaboration between the artist Sydney Richmond Burleigh (1853-1931) and the architect Edmund R. Willson (1853-1906), and was built in 1885-86 in a collaborative effort involving both local builders and a local version of the London-based Art Workers Guild established by Burleigh. Among the artists contributing to the decoration was Charles Walter Stetson.</p><br>
<p>The building drew immediate notice in architectural publications in recognition for its unification of useful and ornamental arts.</p><br>
<p>George William Whitaker, known as the "Dean of Providence Painters," shared space with Burleigh in the studio during the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the structure was deeded to the Providence Art Club by Burleigh&#39;s widow. In accordance with the stipulation of her gift, the space is still used for artists studios.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Horror writer H. P. Lovecraft made the Fleur-de-Lys building the residence of his character Henry Anthony Wilcox, a young artist and sculptor, in his famous tale "The Call of Cthulhu." Bertrand K. Hart, then literary editor of the Providence Journal and author of a regular column, "The Sideshow", read the story in an anthology, T. Everett Harres Beware After Dark! (1929) and was astounded to find that Wilcoxs residence (7 Thomas Street) was the same as the address where he had once resided. Feigning to offense, he vowed in his column of November 30, 1929, to send a ghost to Lovecraft&#39;s home at 3 a.m. to scare him; Lovecraft promptly wrote the poem "The Messenger" at 3 a.m. that night. Hart published the poem in his column of December 3.</p><br>
<p>The Thuli River, former name Tuli River, is a major tributary of the Shashe River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Matopo Mission, Matobo District, and flows into the Shashe River near Tuli village.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Thuli is an ephemeral river, with declining annual unit runoff.</p><br>
<p>Major tributaries of the Thuli River include the Mtshabezi, Mtshelele and Mwewe Rivers.</p><br>
<p>The Thuli River below Thuli-Makwe Dam is a sand filled channel, with alluvial aquifers in the river channel.</p><br>
<h2>Towns along the river</h2><br>
<p>The Thuli River passes through no major settlements, only the following business centres:</p><br>
<p>Freda Mine</p><br>
<p>Guyu</p><br>
<p>Manama</p><br>
<h2>Bridges and crossings</h2><br>
<p>There are five main bridges over the Mzingwane River:</p><br>
<p>Bridge on Old Gwanda Road, between Matombo Mission and Blanket Mine.</p><br>
<p>Bridge on Gwanda - Kezi road, below Thuli-Makwe Dam.</p><br>
<p>Elliot Bridge, upstream of Guyu.</p><br>
<p>Bridge on Manama - Kafusi road.</p><br>
<p>Mankonkoni Bridge on Tuli - Kafusi road. This bridge was destroyed by Cyclone Eline.</p><br>
<p>There are also a number of fords and crossing points, including:</p><br>
<p>Ntalale causeway, which was badly damaged by Cyclone Eline.</p><br>
<p>Causeway below Thuli gorge</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>In addition to a number of small weirs, there is one major dam on the Thuli River:</p><br>
<p>Thuli–Makwe Dam, west of Gwanda. It is located near the confluence with the Mtshelele River and supplies water for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>The Mtshabezi River (the principal left-bank tributary) is dammed at Mtshabezi, Sheet and Blanket. Mtshabezi Dam will augment the water supply for the City of Bulawayo, once a connecting pipeline has been completed. Sheet and Blanket Dams supply water to the City of Gwanda and Blanket and Vubachikwe Mines.</p><br>
<p>Two additional dam sites have been selected further downstream:</p><br>
<p>Thuli–Moswa, where no development has taken place.</p><br>
<p>Thuli–Manyange, upstream of Elliot Bridge, where construction was briefly started in 2007 but is now halted.</p><br>
<p>Gjallica or Gjallica e Lumës is a limestone mountain at 2,487 m above sea level and the highest summit in the region of Kukës County, Albania. It lies 8 km southeast of the city of Kukës, having a cap covered by snow up to June when the winters are cold and snowy.</p><br>
<p>The mountain falls within the Balkan mixed forests and Dinaric Mountains mixed forests terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest. The slopes of the mountain is entirely covered with coniferous forests. It has thick vegetation of pines and beeches on high altitude, but sparse vegetation on the foot of the mountain due to the now closed plant that emitted harmful gases for the vegetation close to it. Gjallica appears to be very tall because the Black Drin valley to its west is only 250 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Indispensable Reefs are a chain of three large coral atolls in the Coral Sea. They are located about 50 km south of Rennell Island, separated from it by Rennel Trough. The chain stretches over a length of 114 km and its average width is 18 km.</p><br>
<p>Administratively the Indispensable Reef belongs to the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands.</p><br>
<p>The three atolls are steep-to and each encloses a large deep lagoon. They are separated by deep passages 2 to 3 km wide. of the Indispensable Reef are aligned in a NW-SE direction:</p><br>
<p>*North Reef is 18 km long, and up to 7 km wide. The rim of the atoll has two narrow openings in the north and northwest. The reef has a total area of 100 km&sup2;, including lagoon and reef flat. There are no islets.</p><br>
<p>*Middle Reef is 51 km long. Little Nottingham Islet is a small islet located near the center of the reef. Besides its main lagoon, Middle Reef has a separate smaller northern lagoon. The total area is about 300 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>*South Reef is 21 km long and up to 8 km wide. It encloses a lagoon 18 to 35 m deep. The total area exceeds 100 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ship Neptune struck Indispensable Reef on August 3, 1868 and was lost. The crew was rescued by the SS Boomerang.</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of the Coral Sea on May 7, 1942, a two Japanese carrier attack planes B5N2 (EI-306 and probably EI-302) flying reconnaissance mission from the carrier Shokaku ditched on Indispensable Reef due to lack of fuel.</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s the Solomon Islands Government apprehended a vessel from Taiwan that had been poaching the giant clam stocks of Indispensable Reef. Corals and endangered fish species are also being plundered for the aquarium trade.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church, on Queen Anne Square in Newport, Rhode Island, is a historic parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island. Founded in 1698, it is the oldest Episcopal parish in the state. The current Georgian building was designed by architect Richard Munday and constructed in 1725–26. It is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Newport, Rhode Island congregation began to gather about 1698. When Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont was investigating charges of the infractions of the Navigation Acts in Rhode Island, he requested that the Board of Trade send a minister from England to Rhode Island. The first church structure was built in 1700.</p><br>
<p>The present church building was constructed in 1725–26, designed by local builder Richard Munday, who based his designs on those that he had seen that Sir Christopher Wren had used in London churches in the late 17th century. The church&#39;s design is very similar to that of Old North Church in Boston. Trinity, however, was built entirely of wood. It is believed to be the only church building with its three-tiered wineglass pulpit remaining in its original position in the center of the aisle, in front of the altar. The building was enlarged in 1764, but otherwise retains its original character with box pews.</p><br>
<p>In 1731, Dean George Berkeley donated the first organ, whose wooden case, decorated with the Crown of England and the mitres of the archbishops of Canterbury and York, survives in place. The first organist was Charles Theodore Pachelbel, son of the famous German Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel.</p><br>
<p>The church was used as a garrison church by the British Army in 1776–1778. Local oral tradition reports that George Washington attended services there in 1781. The Chevalier de Ternay, the French admiral who died in December 1780, is buried in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>Also interred here is Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, who in 1753 purchased an immense tract of Maine wilderness where he founded what is now the city of Gardiner. Many members of the Vanderbilt family attended the church when summering in Newport.</p><br>
<p>Historical architect, Norman Isham, restored several parts of the church in the 1920s. The church has been seen in several films, including Amistad, Moonrise Kingdom and Evening. The burial service for former Rhode Island Senator Claiborne Pell was held at the church in January 2009.</p><br>
<p>The current Rector is The Reverend Canon Anne Marie Richards.</p><br>
<h2>Notable parishoners</h2><br>
<p>John Jacob Astor VI</p><br>
<p>George Berkeley</p><br>
<p>Thomas Breese, USA Navy chaplain, Battle of Lake Erie</p><br>
<p>Silvester Gardiner</p><br>
<p>George Champlin Mason, Sr.</p><br>
<p>Clement Clarke Moore</p><br>
<p>Richard Munday</p><br>
<p>Charles Theodore Pachelbel</p><br>
<p>Claiborne Pell</p><br>
<p>Oliver Hazard Perry</p><br>
<p>Matthew C. Perry</p><br>
<p>Henry Sherburne (colonel)</p><br>
<p>Gilbert Stuart</p><br>
<p>George P. Wetmore</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Vanderbilt II</p><br>
<p>Lago di Mezzola is a small  lake in the Italian region of Lombardy. It lies between the Pian di Spagna to the south, which divides it from Lake Como and is an ecologically important wetland habitat, and the Piano di Chiavenna to the north, which leads up to Chiavenna. Both are crossed by the river Mera which is Lago di Mezzola’s most important inflow, as well as its sole outflow, and which connects it to Lake Como. The lake has two further inflows, the Codera, which runs through the Val Codera before entering the lake at Novate Mezzola, and the Ratti which runs through the Valle dei Ratti and enters the lake a little to the south at Verceia. The Lago di Mezzola and the Pian di Spagna together make up the Riserva Naturale Pian di Spagna e Lago di Mezzola.</p><br>
<p>Formerly this area was part of the northern branch of Lake Como, which extended as far north as Samolaco, known in antiquity as Summus Lacus, i.e. ‘head of the lake’. Subsequently the frequent flooding of the Adda deposited alluvium and formed the Pian di Spagna, thus separating the two lakes.</p><br>
<p>The lakeside settlements include Novate Mezzola to the north, Verceia, San Fedele and Bocca d&#39;Adda (once the mouth of the Adda) on the eastern shore, and Dascio and Albonico, (both frazioni of the commune of Sorico) to the west. The 10th-century lakeside Tempietto di San Fedelino, is near the northern shore.</p><br>
<p>The many fish in the lake include pike, perch, tench, carp and rudd.</p><br>
<p>Hoidas Lake is a remote northern Canadian lake which lies approximately 50 kilometers north of Uranium City, Saskatchewan. Named in honor of Irvin Frank Hoidas, a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot officer killed in action during the Second World War when his Stirling W-7520 crashed near the Belgian town of Saint-Truiden, it is the site of Canada&#39;s most advanced rare-earth element  mining project.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Hoidas Lake lies in the Northern Rae Geological Province, in the general vicinity of many of Saskatchewan&#39;s large uranium mines.</p><br>
<h2>Mineralogy</h2><br>
<p>The mineralogy of the Hoidas Lake rare-earth deposit differs from most other such deposits in that it is hosted in veins of apatite and allanite. Hoidas Lake also differs from other deposits in that it contains a significant amount of heavy rare-earth elements, such as dysprosium.</p><br>
<p>The main prospective zone is composed of two dominant rock types: a variably deformed monzogranite and a granodioritic to tonalitic gneiss. Both are Paleoproterozoic to Archean in age.</p><br>
<h2>Resource scale</h2><br>
<p>Ongoing work at Hoidas Lake has delineated a vein system (known as the JAK zone), which extends for at least a kilometer along strike. The limits of the system have not been established along strike nor along dip, and the zone&#39;s total extension is therefore unknown. The resource zone averages 75 m in width and is composed of individual veins which, though ranging from one to eleven meters in thickness, average about three meters each. Veins are continuous to 300 m depth and follow an anastomosing geometry.</p><br>
<p>Estimates of the resource, given current delineations and assuming a 1.5% total rare-earth cutoff, have established a presence of at least 286,000 tonnes of rare-earth ore, which is enough to supply more than 10% of the North American market for the foreseeable future.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>The Hoidas Lake claims are owned by Great Western Minerals Group, based in Saskatoon.</p><br>
<p>St. Elmo is a ghost town in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1880, St. Elmo lies in the heart of the Sawatch Range, 20 mi southwest of Buena Vista and sits at an elevation of 9,961 ft. Nearly 2,000 people settled in this town when mining for gold and silver started. The mining industry started to decline in the early 1920s, and in 1922 the railroad discontinued service. The community is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the St. Elmo Historic District. It is one of Colorado&#39;s best preserved ghost towns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Elmo was originally named Forest City but was later changed because of the multitude of towns with the same name. The name St. Elmo was chosen by Griffith Evans, one of the founding fathers, who was reading a novel with the same title.</p><br>
<p>The town was at its peak in the 1890s, when it included a telegraph office, general store, town hall, 5 hotels, saloons, dancing halls, a newspaper office, and a school house. The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad line ran through St. Elmo. There were 150 patented mine claims within the area. The majority of the people who lived in St. Elmo worked at the Mary Murphy, Teresa C., The Molly or the Pioneer Mines. The Mary Murphy Mine was the largest and most successful mine in the area. The Mary Murphy Mine recovered over $60,000,000 worth of gold while it was in operation. While the other mines eventually shut down, the Mary Murphy Mine continued to operate until the railroad was abandoned in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Once the mining industry shut down, St. Elmo drastically declined in population. Miners searched elsewhere for gold and silver and the business district in St. Elmo closed down as well. Few people continued to live in the town. Postal service was discontinued in 1952 after the death of St. Elmo&#39;s postmaster.</p><br>
<h2>St. Elmo today</h2><br>
<p>Even though St. Elmo is considered a ghost town it is still inhabited. Tourism brings many people to the St. Elmo area every year. The old mining roads are now used as Jeep and four-wheeler trails. There are also many good places to fish along Chalk Creek, which runs through St. Elmo. The general store is open during the summer, when tourists can rent four-wheelers or buy items. Many of the buildings are still intact. However, the town hall and a few other buildings burnt down in 2002. is rebuilding the town hall to its original state.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at 38&deg;42&prime;17&Prime;N latitude, 106&deg;20&prime;53&Prime;W longitude, at an elevation of 10,006 feet (3050 m) in Chaffee County, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The Montford Area Historic District is a mainly residential neighborhood in Asheville, North Carolina that is included in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service the origin of the name Montford is unknown. In 1893 Montford was incorporated as an autonomous village to the north of Asheville. This was a tiny community of about 50 people, mainly local businessman and their families.</p><br>
<p>In 1889 the Asheville Loan, Construction, and Improvement Company, began to develop the neighborhood. The firm purchased and subdivided tracts of undeveloped land north of the Battery Park and sold lots. The enterprise languished until it was taken over by George Willis Pack, a lumber tycoon from the midwest who moved to Asheville in 1885. He is best known today as a philanthropist and benefactor of the Asheville Library and principal public square. He also donated land for Montford Park on the southern end of Montford Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1905 the village of Montford was annexed to the city, and though a few structures survived from the original village, Montford lost its autonomous identity. Today, Montford is bounded by USA Routes 19/23, I-240, and Broadway.</p><br>
<p>Most of the districts 600 buildings—primarily residences—were constructed between 1890 and 1920. The people who bought lots and built in the Montford area in its building prime were for the most part middle class individuals who carried out the day-to-day activities of the city—businessman, lawyers, doctors, and a few architects. Several residents found immortality in Thomas Wolfes autobiographical Look Homeward, Angel. Early city directories indicate a mixed population of working class citizens, and highly paid professionals, whites and blacks.</p><br>
<p>Though predominantly single family homes, land use in Montford has been mixed since the earliest days of development. The old Highland Hospital, located off the northern end of Montford Avenue, was the scene of a deadly fire in 1948, among the victims was Zelda Fitzgerald, wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald.</p><br>
<p>The homes in the neighborhood represent an amalgam of architectural styles including Victorian, Queen Anne, Arts and Crafts, Neoclassical, and Colonial Revival. Also common are homes built to resemble castles. The neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, much of the Montford neighborhood was designated as a Historic District and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 1981 the Asheville City Council designated the Montford Historic District a local historic district, as well.</p><br>
<p>Today the Montford community is home to several homes and businesses including many bed and breakfasts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Montford is popularly called a "Victorian" neighborhood. While some of these architectural features do abound in Montford, the term does not do full justice to the neighborhood&#39;s complex overall character, which is that of a late and post-Victorian suburb. The architects and builders of Montford were strongly influenced by a variety of progressive styles and design ideas that were emerging nationally in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood mirrors in subtle ways Asheville&#39;s cosmopolitan character at the turn of the century. Artistic influences in the town, including details from national architectural trendsetters like Bruce Price, Bernard Maybeck, Frank Lloyd Wright, and others exist in Montford houses, but were relatively unknown in other parts of the state.</p><br>
<p>The Rankin House at 192 Elizabeth Street is Montford&#39;s oldest home, a Greek Revival style residence built around 1846 with Italianate embellishments.</p><br>
<p>When Montford&#39;s development began full force in 1889, the dominant building fashion around the country was what is generally called the Queen Anne style. This was a building mode with many variations, but one generally characterized by irregular, complex massing and rooflines, corner turrets or towers, a mixture of surface textures, and a lavish use of ornamental devices.</p><br>
<p>The appearance of English architect Richard Sharp Smith to Asheville in the late nineteenth century profoundly affected the city&#39;s subsequent architectural development. Best known as supervising architect for the Biltmore House, Smith opened an office afterwards and a few homes in Montford can be directly traced to him. His favorite motifs were gambrel roofs, hipped gables, pebbledash or stucco walls, heavy porch brackets and simple Colonial Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The use of shingles, stone, stucco, earth colors and informal composition became an established tradition in Montford.</p><br>
<p>Among the most numerous and most important houses in the district are those executed in the Shingle style. This prevalence reflects both the prosperity of the town and the presence of architects and clients acquainted with this fashionable trend.</p><br>
<p>A variety of houses in Montford are in the Colonial Revival style, which became popular in the first few decades of the twentieth century. The earliest examples of this style have an informal quality, and are identified chiefly through the use of the gambrel roof and shingle wall coverings.</p><br>
<p>The Montford Hills sub-division of Montford, developed in the mid to late 1920s, incorporates designs found in Montford&#39;s original homes.</p><br>
<h2>Highland Hospital</h2><br>
<p>In addition to residential buildings, the historic Highland Hospital was located in Montford. Originally named Dr. Carrolls Sanitorium after Asheville psychiatrist Robert S. Carroll, was located in Montford in 1909 and renamed Highland Hospital in 1912. The campus included Dr. Carrolls home, where jazz singer Nina Simone studied piano with Carrolls wife. In 1939, Carroll gave the hospital to Duke Universitys Neuropsychiatric Department.</p><br>
<p>The hospital is best known for a 1948 fire in which Zelda Fitzgerald died along with eight other patients. Duke sold the property in the 1980s, and it was the home office for Genova Diagnostics until the corporate offices moved to Nettlewood in 2013. Highland Hall (as it is now called) is currently part of the Asheville Historic Trolley Tours.</p><br>
<h2>Riverside Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The district also includes the 87 acre Riverside Cemetery, established in 1885. Thirteen thousand people are buried in the cemetery. The cemetery is the final resting place of a wide cross-section of prominent Carolinians: authors Thomas Wolfe and William Sydney Porter (better known by his pseudonym O. Henry); former North Carolina governor and Senator Zebulon Baird Vance; Senator Jeter Connelly Pritchard; Governor Locke Craig; Confederate generals Robert B. Vance, James Green Martin and Thomas Lanier Clingman; Lillian Exum Clement, first woman elected to the North Carolina state legislature; and George Masa, a photographer known for documenting the Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Acupuncture Clinic, Montford Ave., Montord Are.JPGAcupuncture Clinic</p><br>
<p>Rumbaugh House, Zillicoa St. Montford Area.JPGRumbaugh House</p><br>
<p>The Black Walnut B & B, Montford Ave., Montford Area.JPGThe Black Walnut B&B</p><br>
<p>The Lion & The Rose B & B, Montford Ave., Montford Area.JPGThe Lion & The Rose B&B</p><br>
<p>The Chapel of the Centurion is the oldest continually used wooden military structure for religious services in the United States. It is located inside Fort Monroe, a former military installation located in Hampton, Virginia. The Chapel is named for Cornelius the Centurion, who is believed to be the first Gentile to convert to Christianity.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the chapel began in 1856 and it was consecrated on May 3, 1858. It was designed by noted architect, Richard Upjohn, in the Carpenter Gothic style. Fort Monroe is no longer an active Army post.</p><br>
<p>It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>The Chapel had an active congregation and On March 25, 2012, Lucious B. Morton was installed as the first civilian and first permanent pastor of the Centurion Interdenominational Church.</p><br>
<p>The Cabeza Prieta Mountains are a mountain range in the northwestern Sonoran Desert of southwest Arizona. It is located in southern Yuma County, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range is amongst an eleven-mountain sequence of north-trending ranges and valleys in the hottest region of the Sonoran Desert. This southwestern Arizona region is on the northern perimeter of the Gran Desierto de Altar. It includes the northern part of the Pinacate volcanic field.</p><br>
<p>The Cabeza Prieta Mountains extend northwest–southeast about 24 miles. The highest peak is unnamed at 2,832 ft; other peaks include: Cabeza Prieta Peak at 2,559 ft; Buck Peak-(in north) at 2,629 ft; and Sierra Arida in the south, at 1,736 ft. A separate mountain outlier lies southwesterly, Tordillo Mountain at 2,170 ft, adjacent to a primitive road paralleling the US-Mexico Border, called El Camino del Diablo. The range is about 36 miles southeast of the Mohawk Valley (Arizona), and Interstate 8 and is in the west-central Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range. The Cabeza Prieta Mountains comprise the entire western region of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge -- about twenty percent of its total area.</p><br>
<p>The Nelson W. Aldrich House, also known as the Dr. S. B. Tobey House, is a Federal-style house at 110 Benevolent Street in Providence, Rhode Island that was the home of Nelson W. Aldrich, a USA Senator from 1881 to 1911. Aldrich was a dominant and controversial figure in the Senate, exercising significant control over the legislative process. This house, one of two surviving properties associated with Aldrich, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is now a house museum operated by the Rhode Island Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>House history</h2><br>
<p>Robert S. Burroughs hired John Holden Greene to build the house in 1821. The house passed through several owners before Aldrich purchased it. Sometime before 1838 the house was enlarged by Burroughs. The exact date beginning Aldrichs tenure in the house is uncertain: some sources cite a 1902 deed recording his purchase, while Aldrich biographer Arthur Johnson claims the family moved into this house in the 1890s. In 1905, Aldrich had his preferred architects, Stone, Carpenter & Willson, thoroughly remodel the house. The most notable exterior alterations include the addition of a third floor and several porches. Aldrich made this house his primary residence until his death in 1915. Aldrichs daughter, Abby, married John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Vice-President Nelson Rockefeller was named after his grandfather Aldrich. Abby&#39;s son Winthrop deeded the house to the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1974, and Aldrich House currently serves as the Society headquarters and offers changing Rhode Island historical displays.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Nelson W. Aldrich was born in 1841 in Foster, Rhode Island, and made a fortune while rising through the ranks of Waldron and Wightman, a leading Rhode Island wholesale grocer. He entered politics in 1869, and was elected to the United States Senate in 1881. In a 30-year career in that body, Aldrich was a resolutely pro-business Republican, supporting protectionist tariffs, frequently leading successful attempts to defeat or water down attempts to lower them, at times despite popular support for lowered tariffs. Following the Panic of 1907, Aldrich developed a plan for a new central bank that became, with modifications he opposed, the Federal Reserve System created by the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Aldrich was also a key figure in formalizing the powers held by Senate political officers, resulting in part in the concentration of significant power in his own hands. He died in New York City in 1915.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a three-story wood frame structure resting on a stuccoed brick foundation. It has a low-pitch hip roof, with a cupola on top and two chimneys rising from the sides. There are porches on the sides, of which the one on the right has been enclosed. The main block is five bays wide and four deep, and is clad in wood clapboarding with corner quoining. The roof line is decorated by modillions and a denticulated frieze, with a low wooden railing extending around the roof. The main entry is sheltered by a portico supported by pairs of Doric columns, with a Palladian window on the second level above and a smaller three-part window on the third level.</p><br>
<p>Three wings extend from the rear of the house. Deed research indicates that the large three-story wing immediately to the rear was built in the 1850s. The decorations on this wing are slightly simpler than those on the main block, but the roof railings match. A two-story addition extends further back from this ell, and a third addition encloses a space behind the enclosed right-side porch.</p><br>
<p>The John Brown House is the first mansion built in Providence, Rhode Island. It is located at 52 Power Street on College Hill, and borders the campus of Brown University. The house is named after the original owner and one of the early benefactors of the University, the early American merchant, statesman and slave trader, John Brown. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968.</p><br>
<p>John Quincy Adams considered the house "the most magnificent and elegant private mansion that I have ever seen on this continent."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by John Brown&#39;s brother Joseph, an amateur architect, who had also designed the First Baptist Church in America. The house took two years to build, 1786-88.</p><br>
<p>Notable guests during this time include George Washington, who is reported to have visited for tea.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold in 1901 to the prominent Rhode Island industrialist and banker Marsden J. Perry. Under Marsden&#39;s supervision, the extension was renovated to add in modern bathrooms and central heating systems. It was purchased by John Nicholas Brown in 1936.</p><br>
<p>In 1942, the Brown family donated the house to the Rhode Island Historical Society for preservation. The house was restored to its original colonial decor. The museum now contains many original furniture pieces provided by the Brown family estate.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a three-story brick structure, with a hip roof topped by a flat section. Both the main roof line and that of the flat section are ringed by a low balustrade. Four chimneys rise from the sides of the house, and its main entrance is in a center projecting section, topped by small triangular pediment. The entry is sheltered by a portico supported by sandstone Doric columns. Above this portico is a Palladian window. The interior of the house follows a traditional Georgian plan, with a central hallway flanked by two rooms on either side. The hall is a particularly grand one, with engaged columns on which architectural busts are mounted, and a two-stage stairwell with an ornate twisting banister. Richly detailed woodwork is evident in all of the public rooms. Eleven of the building&#39;s twelve mantelpieces are original.</p><br>
<p>Five Forks Battlefield is a battlefield of the American Civil War, located in an around the hamlet of Five Forks, Dinwiddie County, Virginia. It is the location of the Battle of Five Forks , in which Union Army forces broke through Confederate Army lines, opening the way to gain control of the last rail line to besieged Petersburg. The Confederate loss caused them to abandon that city, which undermined the defense of Richmond, the Confederate capital. Final surrender of the Confederate forces would occur at Appomattox Courthouse two weeks later.</p><br>
<p>Part of the battlefield site is a unit of Petersburg National Battlefield, with public access that includes access trails to points of interest in the area. An area of more than 1,200 acre around Five Forks was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Battle</h2><br>
<p>General Robert E. Lee had ordered George Picketts infantry and several division of cavalry to hold Five Forks at all costs. In the battle on April 1, 1865, Union troops under Gouverneur K. Warren broke through Picketts lines, while Philip H. Sheridan personally led the cavalry charge, all of which overwhelmed the Confederate forces.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield area covers nearly all the area of fighting, and it includes a home named "Burnt Quarter". It includes the location of a shad bake (a fish feast), where General Pickett, unaware of the battle going on, was entertained. It is reported that unusual cloud conditions prevented the sound of artillery from carrying as far as it usually would.</p><br>
<p>The YWCA Youngstown, located at 25 West Rayen Avenue in Youngstown, Ohio, is an historic building built in 1911 for members of the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association. On July 23, 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the YWCA Building.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>YWCA Building ** (added 1986 - Building - #86001949)</p><br>
<p>25 W. Rayen Ave., Youngstown</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Wade, Angus</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Classical Revival</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Social History</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1900-1924</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Social</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Civic</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Social</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Civic</p><br>
<h2>History and current use</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1911 for members of the YWCA. Like many YWCAs of the time, the Youngstown YWCA provided rooms for single women to rent in addition to providing recreational and social activities. YWCA Youngstown, which now has one other location, is still actively using this building as its headquarters. Housing is now provided for homeless families as well as homeless women. YWCA Youngstown has recently received grant money to convert its 36 existing single room units in this building into 30 self-contained efficiency and one-bedroom units.</p><br>
<p>Ågestasjön  is a small lake in Huddinge Municipality south of Stockholm, Sweden.</p><br>
<p>Ågestasjön forms part of the Tyresån Lake System and, with a biodiversity unique in the Stockholm region, is highly popular among birdwatchers and ornithologists. The lake also forms part of the Orlången Nature Reserve and one of the green wedges stretching into central Stockholm.</p><br>
<p>The lakes receives water from Lake Trehörningen and in its northern end empties into Magelungen. For a brief history of the area see Trehörningen.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>The lake and the wetlands around it was transformed into a bird protection area in 1976, which means the area is inaccessible to the public from April 15 to July 15 and hunting, hunting equipment, and dogs are prohibited all seasons. Most of the area within a radius of 300 metres from the lake is subject to special restrictions.</p><br>
<p>Except for birdwatchers, the lake and its surrounding also attracts open-air lovers who use the area for walking, tour skating, and cross-country skiing. Due to the restrictions on visiting the lake in summer, and to the considerable amount of aquatic plants, bathing is not possible in the lake. Additionally, motorboats and fishing are not allowed on the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by agricultural lands and a variety of forests, including precious deciduous forest. Near the lake is a golf course and a riding school. Part of the biodiversity in the area is due to the bait animals kept around the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental impact</h3><br>
<p>Ågestasjön receives nutrients and contaminants from both lakes upstream, the Orlången and Trehörningen, and Ågestasjön&#39;s proper catchment area which is rich in nutrients. In the northern end of the lake superficial sediments (0–2 cm) contain high levels of copper, zinc, nickel, lead, cadmium, and Manganese; while the southern part of the lake show high levels of Chromium in deeper sediments (20–22 cm). Overall, levels of heavy metals are considered moderate.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>In 1998, a wide range of aquatic plants were documented in the lake: reed, common club-rush, common bulrush, lesser bulrush, yellow iris, alisma, branched bur-reed, water hemlock, marsh calla, water-soldier, yellow water-lily, white water-lily, broad-leaved pondweed, blunt-leaved pondweed, whorled water-milfoil, rigid hornwort, common bladderwort, pondweed, bog-bean, frogbit, lesser duckweed, greater duckweed, and ivy-leaved duckweed.</p><br>
<p>Common fishes in the lake includes pike, roach, rudd, tench, bleak, silver bream, carp bream, crucian carp, perch, and ruffe. Of these tench and crucian carp represent the majority of biomass in the lake, while roach and perch dominated in numbers. Large fishes dominate in the lake, which is considered as a sign of presence of carnivores. A considerable variation in sizes of roaches indicates the lake is an important brreding locale for this species. In contrast, perches show a small variation in scale, which is a sign of the lake being dominated by a single generation as individuals fail to reach carnivorous adulthood.</p><br>
<p>Some 240 bird species have been reported by the lake, which is an important locale for both resting and breeding species. The lake is dominated by some 500 couples of black-headed gulls together with mallards and coots.</p><br>
<p>5 couples of great crested grebe, 5-10 couples of teal and goldeneye, 5 couples of tufted duck and pochard, a few couples of moorhen and water rail, and single couples of shoveler, gadwall, garganey. A presence of whooper swan dates back to 2004, while regular visitors include marsh harrier (2-3 couples), snipe, and Eurasian woodcock. Occasionally Eurasian bittern and spotted crake are seen by the lake.</p><br>
<p>There are a dozen couples of northern lapwing and eastern yellow wagtail, together with couples of meadow pipit, whinchat, red-backed shrike, bearded reedling, goshawk, spotted nutcracker, Eurasian wryneck, European honey buzzard, thrush nightingale, long-tailed tit, lesser spotted woodpecker, wood warbler, hawfinch, and Eurasian hobby. In the night time sedge warbler and reed warbler are regularly heard, while grasshopper warbler, river warbler, marsh warbler, and great reed warbler are reported now and then. Osprey are regularly seen fishing in the lake. Uncountable numbers of resting species are reported by the lake, including various swans, hawks, eagles, cormorants, and sparrows.</p><br>
<p>Both the lakes upstream and downstream suffered of crayfish plague in the late 1970s, which makes it likely Ågestasjön was affected too. As signal crayfish was introduced in the neighbouring lakes recently, it is assumed they are also present in Ågestasjön. Amphibians are represented by moor frog, common frog, true toad, and smooth newt. There are several bats present by the lake: northern bat, Daubenton&#39;s bat, common noctule, and whiskered bat. Otters were present in the lake until the 1960s and were spotted nearby in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Warm Springs Reservoir is a reservoir on the boundary between Harney and Malheur counties in the USA state of Oregon. It is located 13 mi southwest of Juntura at an elevation of 3,406 ft. The lake&#39;s primary inflow and outflow are both the Malheur River.</p><br>
<p>The 106 ft tall and 469 ft long thin-arch concrete Warm Springs Dam was built from 1918 to 1919 by the Warm Springs Irrigation District, and was later modified in 1930 and 1939 with the help of the United States Bureau of Reclamation.</p><br>
<p>It was constructed from 19,500 yd3 of material on top of a series of olivine basalt lava flows. The resultant 8.5 by reservoir has a maximum area of 4,194 acre, a maximum volume of 169,714 acre.ft, and a maximum depth of 140 ft. It has a shore length of about 34.5 mi and a residence time of about 2.2 years.</p><br>
<p>Warm Springs Reservoirs watershed covers approximately 1,059.5 square miles of eastern Oregon. It receives an average precipitation of 17.5 in. As of the 2000 Census, there were 157 people living within the watersheds boundaries.</p><br>
<p>The predominant wildlife in the region is mule deer and various waterfowl. Bass, bluegill, and rainbow trout are the main fish found in the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is classified as eutrophic, with a transparency of about 3.3 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Gooimeer  is a bordering lake in the Netherlands between the southeastern part of North Holland  and Flevoland.</p><br>
<p>There is a railroad bridge over the narrow west side, between Weesp and Almere Muziekwijk, with a parallel highway bridge, the Hollandse Brug. The narrow eastern border of the lake is crossed by two parallel highway bridges.</p><br>
<p>On the south bank of Gooimeer, which used to be the IJsselmeer, before the creation of the new polder Flevoland, the old cities of Naarden and Huizen can be found. The Naarderwoonbos, part of the Naarderbos, was built in the eighties. It is situated directly adjacent to the southern shore of the Gooimeer.</p><br>
<p>The Gooimeer is related to the crash of El Al Flight 1862 on 4 October 1992, as the two right-hand side jet engines separated from the plane and fell into the lake, witnessed by a fishing police officer. Flight 1862 continued on for 8 minutes until it crashed into the Bijlmermeer apartment complex.</p><br>
<p>See also the maps at Zuiderzee Works and bordering lakes.</p><br>
<p>The Veluwemeer  or Lake Veluwe is a bordering lake in the Netherlands, between the provinces of Flevoland on the west side and Gelderland on the east side. It is a narrow lake that stretches from south-west to north-east. South of Harderwijk the lake becomes het Wolderwijd and North of Elburg het Drontermeer.</p><br>
<p>The name of the lake comes from the Veluwe region in Gelderland of which the lake is on the western boundary. The lake is not natural and is one of several lakes known as the Randmeren formed in 1957 when the Flevopolder was created. It has a surface area of over 30 square kilometres and is fairly shallow with an average depth of 1.55 m. It is popular amongst tourists during the summer for recreation on the water or beach.</p><br>
<p>The Waldo Theatre is a historic movie theater and performance venue at 916 Main Street in Waldoboro, Maine. Built in 1936 as a movie theater to a design by New York City architect Benjamin Schlanger, it was hailed at the time as one of the best-designed state-of-the-art small theaters in the country. It is now managed by a non-profit arts organization. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Waldo Theatre stands on the north side of Waldoboro&#39;s downtown Main Street, next door to the former USA Customhouse and Post Office. It is a two story masonry structure with brick walls, wooden trim, and a gabled roof. The front has a Classical temple appearance, with four Tuscan columns rising to an entablature and fully pedimented gable. The gable rake edge and cornice are studded with modillions. The interior has minimal decoration, with that present suggestive of the Art Deco period. The theater seats about 400 in the main floor and balcony.</p><br>
<p>The theater was built in 1936 by the local Cooney family, to a design by New York architect Benjamin Schlanger, who was well known for his theater designs. Its design features included seats of varying width, as well as some seats fitted for the hearing impaired. The floor is sloped, and the seats set at a slant, for more comfortable viewing of an elevated screen. The ventilation system was state of the art, allowing for rapid exchanges of air for climate control. The theater showed movies through the 1950s, and was then adapted for use by the local Masonic lodge, also seeing some use as a live performance venue. In the 1980s, the theater was acquired by a non-profit and renovated for live theatrical use.</p><br>
<p>The theater closed in 2014 as the structure had been allowed the structure to fall into a state of severe disrepair. A new management board is currently seeking emergency funding to implement repairs sufficient to prevent further, perhaps fatal, structural deterioration from water damage, and then to implement a complete restoration.</p><br>
<p>Doubletop Mountain is a mountain located in Ulster County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is part of the Catskill Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Doubletop Mtn. is flanked to the northwest by Graham Mountain, to the east by Big Indian Mountain, and to the southwest by the Beaver Kill Range.</p><br>
<p>Doubletop Mountain stands within the watershed of the Delaware River, which drains into Delaware Bay.</p><br>
<p>The northeast side of Doubletop Mtn. drains into the headwaters of Dry Brook, thence into the East Branch of the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>The northwest end of Doubletop Mtn. drains into Flatiron Brook, thence into Dry Brook.</p><br>
<p>The southwest side of Doubletop drains into the headwaters of Beaver Kill, thence into the East Branch of the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>The south end of Doubletop drains into High Falls Brook, thence into the West Branch of the Neversink River, and the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>The southeast slopes of Doubletop drain into Pigeon Brook, thence into Biscuit Brook, and the West Branch of the Neversink.</p><br>
<p>Doubletop Mountain is within of New York&#39;s Catskill State Park.</p><br>
<p>Skatutakee Mountain is a 1,998 ft monadnock located in Hancock, New Hampshire approximately 13 mi east of the city of Keene and 8 mi north of Mount Monadnock. The mountain shares a common base with Thumb Mountain, 1,978 ft, 3,000 ft to the west. Much of the mountain is wooded but open ledges near the summit provide views of the surrounding countryside; vistas include the north face of Mount Monadnock.</p><br>
<p>The south side of the mountain drains into Jaquith Brook, thence into Nubanusit Brook, the Contoocook River, the Merrimack River, and the Atlantic Ocean. The north side drains into Ferguson Brook, thence the Contoocook River.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is part of a 12,500 acre "supersanctuary" composed of a number of conservation properties and easements facilitated by the Harris Center for Conservation Education, other non-profit entities, and the state of New Hampshire. The Harris Center maintains several hiking trails on the mountain and an environmental educational center at the mountain&#39;s north foot.</p><br>
<p>Thumb Mountain is a 1,978 ft steep-sided monadnock located in Hancock, New Hampshire approximately 13 mi east of the city of Keene and 8 mi north of Mount Monadnock. The mountain shares a common base with Skatutakee Mountain, 1,998 ft, 3,000 ft to the east. Much of the mountain is wooded but open ledges near the summit provide views of the surrounding countryside; vistas include the north face of Mount Monadnock.</p><br>
<p>The west side of the mountain drains into Nubanusit Lake, Brickyard Brook, Harrisville Pond, Skatutakee Lake, thence into Nubanusit Brook, the Contoocook River, the Merrimack River, and the Atlantic Ocean. The east side drains into Jaquith Brook, thence into Nubanusit Brook. The north side drains into Ferguson Brook, thence the Contoocook River.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is part of a 12,500 acre "supersanctuary" composed of a number of conservation properties and easements facilitated by the Harris Center for Outdoor Education, other non-profit entities, and the state of New Hampshire. The Harris Center maintains several hiking trails on the mountain and an environmental educational center at the mountain&#39;s north foot.</p><br>
<p>Samiko  is a village in the municipality of Skillounta, Elis, Greece. In 2011 its population was 389. It is situated on a hill near the Ionian Sea, 2 km south of Kallikomo, 2 km southeast of Raches, 3 km north of Kato Samiko and 4 km southwest of Krestena.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samiko takes its name from the ancient Elean city Samikon (Samicum), which was also known as Same, Samos, Samia and Makistos. It was probably identical with the Homeric Arene. Samikon was located in the ancient country of Triphylia, near the river Anigros. Near the city and the river was the cave of the Anigrid nymphs. The water here reputedly cured skin diseases. The remains of ancient Samikon have been found on a hill 1 km south of Kato Samiko.</p><br>
<p>The Yelverton Inn and Store is a group of four historical buildings in Chester, New York, United States. Located on NY 94 where the highway turns from Main to Academy Street. The complex includes the original 1765 inn, its barn and shed, and the 1841 store, known locally as Durland&#39;s. The latter building is a rare surviving example of a Greek Revival commercial building. Both the Inn and store have been local landmarks in Chester for many years, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The buildings, which hosted Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and George Washington at different times, are well-preserved examples of their periods and architectural styles.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The inn, the earliest of the three to be built, is a two-story L-shaped frame residence facing Main Street adjacent to the First Presbyterian Church of Chester. A smaller northern wing was later almost enveloped by a five-bay gabled section to form the present building. Later, an enclosed porch was built. Two Federal style doorways were also added in the early 19th century when that style was popular.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the original flooring, doors and most trim remain. The interior doors have an unusual "tau-cross" frame in which applied molding surrounds flat inset panels. A fireplace in the master bedroom was probably added around 1795.</p><br>
<p>It has a frame shed and barn behind it. The shed has an unusual decoration of 17 round holes drilled below the cornice on the gable end. The three-story barn has a lower section of brick and stone yielding to shingle up top.</p><br>
<p>The store was first raised on Christmas Day in 1841 and finished the next spring. An overhang and the front pillars were added later that year. Its west wing was originally a separate structure; after being connected it was used as a storeroom.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local deeds show that John Yelverton bought the land where the buildings now stand around 1755. The 1765 date long accepted as the year of the inn&#39;s construction seems likely from his will dated two years later, which names his son Abijan as the "innkeeper".</p><br>
<p>The first of several historic events in the inn&#39;s history took place on September 3, 1774, when local voters gathered there chose Henry Wisner of nearby Goshen as their delegate to the First Continental Congress. He was among those who voted, two years later, to declare independence but was not able to actually sign the Declaration of Independence as he had to attend to his duties as a member of the provincial congress. During the ensuing war, local militia were encamped and mustered on a nearby hillside.</p><br>
<p>In the last years of the war, on July 27, 1782, George Washington slept at the inn on his way back from Philadelphia to his headquarters in Newburgh to meet with Count Rochambeau. The event was commemorated 125 years later with a plaque attached to the building by the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>After the war ended, a major local land dispute was settled on the grounds of the inn. Early in the century, two land grants had been made taking up most of what is now Orange County. They were known as the Wawayanda Patent, mostly to the southern portion of the county, and the Cheesecocks Patent to some of the northern areas. The former had not specified precisely where its northern boundary lay, and over the course of the century different owners claimed title to the same tracts of land. Several times during the colonial era this dispute had flared into litigation and sometimes violence, without being conclusively settled.</p><br>
<p>The Cheesecocks patentees claimed the boundary ran along a straight line rather than mountains, hilltops and ridges. As many as 52,000 acres (20,800 ha) were at stake, and a Suffolk County court ordered the creation of a special commission to hear the case upstate. It held its trial in a nearby barn (not the existing one), with the attorneys for the parties likely staying at the inn. Among those representing the Wawayanda claimants, who ultimately prevailed, were Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Elias Boudinot and Ezra L&#39;Hommedieu were also present.</p><br>
<p>Manyikeni is a Mozambican archaeological site, around 52 km west of the coastal city of Vilanculos. The archaeological site dates from the twelfth to seventeenth century. It is believed to be part of the Great Zimbabwe tradition of architecture, distinguished by mortarless stone walls, and part of the famous Mwenu Mutapa’s Kingdom. The central stone enclosure complex is built in this tradition, and the find of a Zimbabwe-style iron gong at the site also suggests cultural ties.</p><br>
<p>The site today is covered by the Cenchrus Ciliaris grass, commonly found in Zimbabwe but not in Mozambique. Berger suggests that this may indicate the grass was introduced along with cattle from Zimbabwe. The site is located 350 km from Great Zimbabwe, the capital of a large, pre-colonial empire active from at least the 11th through the 14th centuries. Barker (1978) has suggested that only the ruling elite at Manyikeni consumed beef, as cattle bones have been found only in the central part of the site. The lower classes who lived at the periphery of the site ate meat from ovi-caprines. The presence of a large number of glass beads and seashells at the site have led to speculation that the settlement traded extensively with the ancient coastal settlement of Chibuene.</p><br>
<p>Manyikeni can be reached from Vilanculos by driving to the EN1 and then travelling south for 30 km. At the small town of Mapinhane, turn right and drive west for 29 km. A small sign shows the entrance to a small track that leads for 3 km before reaching the ruins.</p><br>
<h2>Overview of the site</h2><br>
<p>The site is located on the eastern coastal plains of the Indian Ocean and one of the only Zimbabwean tradition stone enclosures relatively near the coast, emphasizing the site’s role as a coastal trade location. Most importantly, the site appears to have had an important trade relationship with the site located 50 km away, Chibuene, an important Indian Ocean trade network site in the late first millennium AD to the 1700s AD. Occupation of the site begins at about 1200 AD and lasting until 1700 AD. This occupation period is typically broken up into three periods: 1200 AD in which the stone enclosure was being built; 1200-1450 AD in which consists of the height of occupation; and to 1700 AD in which the site was abandoned. The stone enclosure was excavated for the first time in 1975 and 1976, shortly after Mozambique independence by the Eduardo Mondlande University Centre for African Studies and the British Institute in Eastern Africa to 1978. The research in this period determined that the site was a later Iron Age farming community of the Great Zimbabwean tradition, potentially used as a trade outpost with Chibuene.</p><br>
<h2>Stone enclosure</h2><br>
<p>The most distinguishing feature of the site is the stone enclosure reflecting that of the Great Zimbabwe tradition. This enclosure measures 20 meters in diameter with a height of 50 cm, making it much smaller in size than the enclosure of Great Zimbabwe. The stone enclosure was constructed without mortar in a similar fashion to Great Zimbabwe, further emphasizing its association with this tradition. Construction was undertaken with the use of limestone, differing from other Great Zimbabwe associated sites that used granite. This was due to the higher availability of limestone in the surrounding region which follows the pattern of other periphery sites of the Great Zimbabwe tradition that utilized resources from the surrounding region, rather than importation of granite for the construction of the stone enclosures. Great Zimbabwe stone enclosure construction was affected by the given location of the site with the availability of stone determining the size of the stone enclosure of the particular site. Granite was the most malleable construction material used by the Great Zimbabwe tradition, but as for limestone at Manyikeni, this material was much more difficult to shape into building blocks. As a result, the use of limestone was partly responsible for the much smaller size of the stone enclosure at the site.</p><br>
<h2>World Heritage status</h2><br>
<p>This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on September 15, 1997 in the cultural category.</p><br>
<p>Graham Mountain is the seventh highest of the Catskill High Peaks and the highest privately owned mountain in the range. It is located in the town of Hardenburgh, New York, United States.</p><br>
<p>Its summit is unique in the Catskills for its pygmy hardwood forest cover and absence of evergreen boreal species that normally dominate at that elevation in the range, despite the presence of balsam fir on the slopes below the summit. In the early 1960s a relay station was built there for Instructional Television, a predecessor to today&#39;s Public Broadcasting Service. The relay station was abandoned after a few years and its ruins can be seen from the slopes and summits of neighboring peaks.</p><br>
<p>Graham is within the Catskill Park. Only part of it is in the state-owned Forest Preserve; the summit and the most common access route are owned by descendants of railroad magnate Jay Gould, a native of the region. Despite being private property requiring permission to enter and cross, it is a popular hike, particularly since a successful ascent is required for membership in the Catskill Mountain 3500 Club.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Graham is near the eastern end of the range beginning at Barkaboom Mountain in Delaware County in the west and centered around the lengthy Mill Brook Ridge. A ridge with two summits known unofficially as East and West Schoolhouse mountains connects Graham with Balsam Lake Mountain, the westernmost High Peak. Between Graham and Doubletop, the Catskills&#39; highest trailless peak, to the east is a steep and deep col 900 ft below the summits on either side.</p><br>
<p>The slopes of the mountain on the north and south alternate between steep hollows carved out by creeks and gentler hollows between them. The largest is Drury Hollow on the north, drained by an unnamed brook that rises far down the slopes. Flatiron Brook to the northeast drains a narrower, unnamed valley. The northwest slopes form the southern wall of Turner Hollow, also drained by an unnamed brook. All three are tributaries of Dry Brook, itself a short tributary of the East Branch of the Delaware River. Since Dry Brook drains into the East Branch above Pepacton Reservoir, this puts the north slope of the mountain within New York City&#39;s water supply system.</p><br>
<p>The southern slopes are gentler, draining to the higher plateau around the headwaters of the Beaver Kill, which itself rises just south of the Doubletop col. Gulf of Mexico Brook drains a narrow valley on the southwest, and Tunis and Vly ponds near the mountain&#39;s base also feed the Beaver Kill. The Beaver Kill also, eventually, drains into the East Branch at East Branch, below the reservoir and thus outside of the city watershed.</p><br>
<p>Grahams L-shaped summit ridge is narrow, with its spurs pointing northwest and southwest. The United States Geological Survey benchmark indicating the mountains 3,868 ft height of land is at the northwest end, near the ruins of the relay station. The southwest end descends gently to 3,660 ft before dropping off more steeply into the Doubletop col.</p><br>
<p>The north slopes and most of the summit are within a large tract of land purchased by George Jay Gould I, the son of Jay Gould, a native of nearby Roxbury. Known as Furlow Lodge, it still is owned by the Gould descendants and serves as a family retreat. The south slopes, up to almost 3,500 ft on the summit ridge&#39;s southwest spur, are publicly owned Forest Preserve in the Big Indian-Beaverkill Range Wilderness Area.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Most of Graham&#39;s slopes, given their high base elevation, are covered in northern hardwood forest of beech, birch and maple. Unlike the other peaks in the range, first-growth forest begins well above 3,000 ft, as high as 3,545 ft on one slope. The summit itself is covered with a pygmy forest, unique in the Catskills, with its black cherry and mountain ashes barely taller than average human height. Balsam fir, which dominates the summits of both Doubletop and Balsam Lake mountains to either side of Graham, is found in small stands on the slopes below the summit of Graham.</p><br>
<p>Catskill forest historian Michael Kudish has studied the range&#39;s balsam fir distribution patterns. There are no other peaks where balsam fir occurs on the slopes of the peak, but not the summit, and factors such as elevation, soil, and topography do not suffice to explain the phenomenon. He has concluded that all peaks represent different stages of forest evolution, in which the stunted and twisted ridge hardwoods gradually have replaced balsam fir over the last 8,500 years.</p><br>
<p>The forests on the mountain support a typical animal community for the Catskills. Black bear and white-tailed deer are the larger mammal species, with many species of rodent, such as snowshoe hare, lower on the food chain. Beavers have been common over the years, with Kudish finding more evidence of present and past dams and meadows on the slopes of Graham and its neighboring peaks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Catskills were formed 250-350 million years ago, during the Devonian and Silurian periods, when the sands and silt that had eroded from the Acadian Mountains to the northeast collected in a river delta at the mouth of the shallow inland sea that is now the Allegheny Plateau. The delta uplifted as a single unit and gradually streams eroded valleys, creating a dissected plateau. The harder, younger shale and sandstone remains as the mountain summits. Later glaciation made the valleys steeper and smoother.</p><br>
<p>As with most other peaks in the Mill Brook Ridge range, there was very little human impact on Graham for most of its recorded history. That changed drastically after the construction of Turner Hollow Road in the late 19th century, connecting Seager with the end of Beaver Kill Road, allowing anglers to reach private fishing clubs on the Beaver Kill headwaters from the Arkville Station on the Ulster and Delaware Railroad. Around 1890 George Gould bought the Furlow Lodge tract, including most of the mountain, since his father had enjoyed fishing at the lake so much.</p><br>
<p>Turner Hollow Road (rerouted to the west in the late 19th century) made the upper slopes of Graham more accessible to logging operations. Their impact on the mountain still is visible to elevations of well above 3,000 ft, well above their extent elsewhere in the area. One of the last of these took place in the early 1960s, when the relay station was built on a one-acre (4,000 m) clearing at the summit. A technician and pilot were marooned on the summit for 24 hours after their helicopter crashed there on a maintenance trip during a heavy snowstorm in early 1963. It remained in service for a few more years after that and was abandoned sometime before 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The most frequent route to the summit follows the Dry Brook Ridge Trail from the Mill Brook Road crossing, the highest trailhead in the Catskills at 2,580 ft. Hikers follow the blue-blazed trail, the old jeep road to the Balsam Lake Mountain fire tower, 1.8 mi to where the unblazed Old Tappan Road, a relocated stretch of the Turner Hollow Road, forks off to the left at an elevation of 3,340 ft.</p><br>
<p>At this point hikers leave the trail and its public easement. Permission is required from the Furlow Lodge caretaker to climb from there to the summit of Graham since it is private property. The Old Tappan Road curves around the side of Turner Hollow, descending 100 feet (30 m) before ascending again after a fork where an older portion of the Turner Hollow Road descends on the left to Drury Hollow. The road ahead continues the gentle ascent until 3,400 ft, where it climbs more sharply up a series of switchbacks, passing some of the balsam firs on the slope at higher elevations.</p><br>
<p>The summit is marked by a USA Geological Survey benchmark with the 3,868 ft elevation set in a rock at the west edge of the ridge where the road ends. The old relay station, a one-story cinderblock structure with no remaining roof and the three steel supports that can be seen from various viewpoints in the area near the mountain, is at the center of a large clearing. An informal poll of 3500 Club members has found Graham ranks with nearby Eagle as their least favorite summit among the Catskill High Peaks.</p><br>
<p>There are open views west to Balsam Lake Mountain. Rough use paths lead along the ridge through the pygmy forest to views over the Dry Brook valley and Big Indian, Eagle and Fir mountains to the northwest, and Doubletop and the Beaver Kill&#39;s headlands to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Other access routes include a bushwhack approach from the Seager-Big Indian Trail along Dry Brook; this usually is combined with an ascent of Doubletop. It also is hiked in combination with Balsam Lake, for which the hike sometimes begins from the south, at the end of Beaverkill Road north of Quaker Clearing.</p><br>
<p>The deserted village of Glendon is in the English county of Northamptonshire. Its location was on land to the east of Glendon Hall, now within the parish of Rushton. Neighbouring towns include Rothwell, Kettering, Rushton and Desborough.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village has a reference in the Domesday Book, where it is recorded that it had a population of 14. The village is also mentioned by name in the Nomina Villarum of both 1316 and 1327. At these times, it was recorded that there were ten tenants in the manor. By 1428, records show that there were only ten inhabitants left in the village. In the year 1514, what remained of the village was enclosed by Robert Malory and nine of the ten dwellings left in the village were demolished, the land given over to the rearing of sheep for the growing woolen trade. Glendon Hall and Home Farm are the only buildings remaining today. There are no traces left of the village as most of the land around the hall has been landscaped, although there is a sign of earthworks in the form of a long deeply hollowed channel, running east from the hall, that was once the main street through the village. The village’s story was featured in the first episode of the 2006 series of Time Team, which featured efforts to find the parish church of St Helen&#39;s, which they concluded had been incorporated into Glendon Hall c. 1514 as a chapel and later demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Glendon parish</h2><br>
<p>The civil parish of Glendon survived until 1935, covering Glendon Hall and Glendon Lodge, as well as Bunkers Hill Farm. It was merged into Rushton parish.</p><br>
<h2>Local tradition</h2><br>
<p>It is said that one of the early owners of Glendon Hall, Sir William Lane, unexpectedly left his wife, Dame Margaret, in the middle of the night and thundered off on horseback on a mysterious assignation. He never returned, and was subsequently found murdered near Pytchley, some miles to the south. Thus, it was believed in the early 20th century that the hall was haunted by Sir William&#39;s ghost, which accounted for an all-pervading sadness and melancholic atmosphere at the place.</p><br>
<h2>Fiction</h2><br>
<p>The Duke of Glendons Regiment is a fictitious infantry regiment in the 1944 wartime propaganda film The Way Ahead. David Niven stars as Lieutenant Perry, leading new recruits drawn from all walks of life on overseas active service for the first time. The regimental nickname in the film was The Dogs, short for Duke of Glendon.&#39;</p><br>
<p>Jabuka  is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Adriatic Sea, west of the island of Vis. It is part of the Dalmatian archipelago. The closest land mass, yet small, are Svetac and Brusnik.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Its coast is steep and difficult to approach, and landings can be made only when the weather is clear. The easiest access is on the south-west side. On the island, noteworthy species such as a Dalmatian Wall Lizard and some plants (Centaurea jabukensis and Centaurea crithmifolia, both Asteraceae) are protected endemics. In 1958 the island was declared a geological monument of nature. The surrounding sea is rich with fish, especially sea bream.</p><br>
<h2>Geological features</h2><br>
<p>Jabuka has 97 m tall cliffs. All sea lanes avoid the island, because its magnetic form confuses compasses.</p><br>
<p>Musbury Tor or Tor Hill is a flat-topped hill, located in south-east Lancashire, England. It overlooks the village of Helmshore and separates Alden Valley to its south and Musbury Valley to its north. Mainly consisting of farmland and pastures, its summit is 340.1 m above sea level. The hill can be seen from much of Helmshore and is often colloquially referred to as ‘the Tor’ by the local population.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The underlying solid geology of the Rossendale fells is largely formed by the Lower coal measures comprising bedded sandstones, shales and mudstones. Rocks of the Millstone Grit series outcrop above the valley of the River Irwell and cap the hills. Musbury Tor is a perfect example of peneplanation leaving an almost isolated flat-topped hill where the harder Millstone Grit protects the softer underlying shales, leaving the distinctive sharp topography of edges and ledges characteristic of the uplands above the Irwell Valley.</p><br>
<p>The other small scale topographic variations such as the undulating hummocky landforms are generally due to the former workings and stone quarries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 13th-century Musbury was recorded as part of Tottington township (Salford Hundred) and it is uncertain how it had become part of the Hundred of Blackburn by the 1500s. Possibly the creation of a deer park by Earl of Lincoln around 1304 led to it being included in the Forest of Rossendale. Tor Hill was once the centre of the park with a 4.5 mi paling enclosing eastern side, and the surrounding ridges of Musbury Heights, Musden Head, and Alden Moor forming the other boundaries. Stretches of the ditches from the enclosure still remain in the Alden and Musbury valleys.</p><br>
<p>The old township was divided into three portions - Musbury Park; Musden Head (to the south), and the Trippet of Ogden (in the north). This became a civil parish in 1866. In 1894 Musbury became part of the Metropolitan borough of Haslingden.</p><br>
<p>During World War II a Home Guard unit of just four men armed with a single old rifle and six rounds of ammunition climbed each evening to the top of the Tor to man a tiny observation post, often stumbling into bogs and old quarry workings. American GIs also practiced paratroop drops, and field exercises with live ammunition, before D-Day, setting up tents and a cookhouse by Great House on the Tor.</p><br>
<p>In 1949 the Great House Experimental Farm in Helmshore was established by the Ministry of Agriculture on the flat top and southern slopes of Musbury Tor. Important experiments, including many on high-level grain planting and animal husbandry, and the effects of acidity in rain, were carried out. Great House Experimental Farm was closed in 1982, broken up and sold off to private farmers and others.</p><br>
<p>Piz Corvatsch is a mountain in the Bernina Range of the Alps, overlooking Lake Sils and Lake Silvaplana in the Engadin region of the canton of Graubünden. With an elevation of 3,451 m, it is the highest point on the range separating the main Inn valley from the Val Roseg. Aside from Piz Corvatsch, two other slightly lower summits make up the Corvatsch massif: Piz Murtèl  and the unnamed summit where lies the Corvatsch upper cable car station . Politically, the summit of Piz Corvatsch is shared between the municipalities of Sils im Engadin and Samedan, although the 3,303 m high summit lies between the municipalities of Silvaplana and Samedan. The tripoint between the aforementioned municipalities is the summit of Piz Murtèl.</p><br>
<p>Several glaciers lie on the east side on the massif. The largest, below Piz Corvatsch, is named Vadret dal Murtèl. The second largest, below Piz Murtèl and the station, is named Vadret dal Corvatsch.</p><br>
<p>The Corvatsch cable car starts above the village of Surlej, east of Silvaplana and culminates at 3,298 m. From there, the summit of Piz Corvatsch can be reached by traversing Piz Murtèl. In winter and spring, the mountain is part of a ski area, which is amongst the highest in Switzerland and the Eastern Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The Gila Mountains of Yuma County are a 26-mile  long mountain range in southwestern Arizona in the northwest Sonoran Desert.</p><br>
<p>The Gila Mountains of Yuma County are a northwest-southeast trending mountain system. The fault-blocked mountain range is attached on the south to the Tinajas Altas Mountains which continue southeast into Sonora, Mexico for another 30 miles. The northwest end of the mountains border the southeast Laguna Mountains. The Gila River flows through the Gila Valley between the Gilas and the Lagunas prior to its confluence with the Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The Gila Mountains are southeast of the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers in the Lower Colorado River Valley. The Gila River flows northwest, north around the mountain&#39;s north end, then west six miles to the Colorado. On the northeast side of the Gila Range, the low-elevation basin, Dome Valley is created between the Muggins Mountains and the Muggins Mountains Wilderness to the northeast. The block faulted mountain series ends at this confluence location and the Muggins Mountains are at the southern and southwest end of an extensive plain that transitions north towards the Castle Dome Plain and Castle Dome Mountains. This plain is the location of the US Army Yuma Proving Ground on this east-west alluvial plain.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak in the arid and rugged Gila Mountains is Sheep Peak at 3,156 ft. The mountain range lies east of Yuma and the community of Fortuna Foothills lies on the northwest mountain range foothills, (named for the Fortuna Mine). The mountain range is located in the western portion of the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range which is used by the MCAS, the Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>A variety of flora and fauna are represented in the Gila Mountains. Trees include Dalea spinosa and Bursera microphylla.</p><br>
<h2>Interstate 8</h2><br>
<p>One of the oldest sections of the Interstate Highway System in the US goes through a two-tiered highway section through Telegraph Pass at the north end of the range. The Interstate 8 roadcuts in the area of Telegraph Pass expose some of the oldest metamorphic rocks in the state of Arizona, outside of rocks exposed at the bottom of the Grand Canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain acquisition controversy</h2><br>
<p>A recent controversy involves acquisition of parts of the Gila Mountains by the city of Yuma, Arizona. The controversy is protection versus land use by agencies. The mountains are presently in the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range.</p><br>
<p>Orlången is a lake in central Huddinge Municipality, just south of Stockholm, Sweden.</p><br>
<p>Orlången, one of the lakes in the Tyresån Lake System, forms part of the Orlången Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>The catchment area is composed of criss-crossing fractured valleys with alternating agricultural lands and forests. The lake and its shores are highly popular for open-air activities such as fishing, bathing, birdwatching, tour skating, canoeing, skiing, and walking. The Bottnen ("The Bottom") wetland near the inflow from Mörtsjön is an important bird locale. There are several public baths by the lake, but its many cliffs are also popular spots to spend a summer day. Approximately half of the lake is available for angling for people with the required angling card.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental impact</h3><br>
<p>Though the mud-filled valleys surrounding Orlången originally made it moderately eutrophic, extended accumulation of nutrients from neighbouring populated areas has made it highly eutrophic. The deepest areas of the lake are depleted of oxygen during both winters and summers, which can indicate that internal loads are worsening the situation; the lake is possibly self-fertilising, as nutrients are released from its sediments. The present discharge of phosphorus, mostly deriving from three residential areas by the lake, is still too high although it remains controllable.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Aquatic plants includes reed, club-rush, wood club-rush, broadleaf cattail, flowering rush, water hemlock, yellow iris, yellow loosestrife, bittersweet, yellow water-lily, white water-lily, broad-leaved pondweed, red pondweed, whorled water-milfoil, amphibious bistort, water-soldier, frogbit, duckweed, greater bladderwort, and greater duckweed. Along the shores of the lake are hybrid crack willow, alder, bay willow, grey willow, aspen, ash, purple-loosestrife, marsh fern, wild angelica, marsh woundwort, gypsywort, creeping spearwort, marsh cinquefoil, marsh-marigold, bittersweet, skullcap, corn mint, meadowsweet, trifid bur-marigold, and purple small-reed.</p><br>
<p>An inventory of dragonflies in the north-eastern end of the lake documented a presence of red-eyed damselfly, northern damselfly, azure damselfly, brown hawker, club-tailed dragonfly, downy emerald, and four-spotted chaser.</p><br>
<p>Fishes present in the lake include smelt, pike, roach, rudd, tench, bleak, silver bream, carp bream, crucian carp, burbot, perch, zander, and ruffe. Signal crayfish were introduced in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Common birds include great crested grebe, mute swan, Canada goose, mallard, coot, water rail, osprey, marsh harrier, northern lapwing, sandpiper, tern, gull, long-tailed tit, lesser spotted woodpecker, reed warbler, sedge warbler, marsh warbler, and thrush nightingale. Additionally, a couple of cranes has been breeding by the lake for about ten years.</p><br>
<p>The deciduous forest north of the lake and the shallow reeds there is an important biotope for bats, as the area produces a plenitude of insects while offering favourable milieux for hibernation. Inventories during the 1990s have documented a presence of northern bat, parti-coloured bat, Daubenton&#39;s bat, noctule, soprano pipistrelle, brown long-eared bat, and whiskered bat.</p><br>
<p>The deserted village of Wythmail is located 4.5 miles south of Kettering in the English county of Northamptonshire. The village of Orlingbury is 1.1 miles to the east. Wythmail was part of the parish of Orlingbury.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the Domesday Book it is recorded that there were 17 inhabitants in Wythmail and was assessed for 2½ hides; the village was also recorded as having a priest, however the manor was certainly included as part of Orlingbury. Records of 1220 rate the village as having 12 ploughs and it was mentioned in the Nomina Villarum of 1316. A manorial chapel was referenced here in 1357. The village was assessed in conjunction with Orlingbury in the 1334 Subsidy Returns and in the 1377 Poll Tax. By 1614 the land here had become a park which existed until 1657. By 1720 only one house was left in the village.</p><br>
<h2>What remains</h2><br>
<p>Today there are no traces of the village to be seen, having been completely obliterated by modern farming methods. However traces of the earthwork outline of the village and its streets can be clearly seen on an aerial photograph of the site taken by the RAF in 1947.</p><br>
<p>Snoqualmie Pass is a mountain pass that carries Interstate 90  through the Cascade Range in the USA State of Washington. The pass summit at an elevation of 3,015 ft is on the county line between Kittitas County and King County. Snoqualmie Pass has the lowest elevation of the three east–west mountain routes across Washington State that are kept open year-round, along with Stevens Pass  to the north, and White Pass  to the south. I-90 is the primary commercial artery between Seattle and points east, carrying an average of 29,000 vehicles through the pass per day. The pass is also the only divided highway crossing East-West through Washington State.</p><br>
<p>The pass lends its name to a census-designated place (CDP) located at the summit (see: Snoqualmie Pass, Washington). Both the CDP and Snoqualmie Pass are named after the Snoqualmie people of the valley to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Snoqualmie Pass as it climbs into the Cascades passes through a microclimate characterized by considerable precipitation, and at times hazardous conditions for travelers. The average annual precipitation is over 100 inches; snowfall averages over 400 inches. The average annual number of days with measurable precipitation is over 170.</p><br>
<p>The rapidly changing conditions require special cautions, relayed to motorists via variable message displays along I-90. Depending on traction they may call for tire chains to be installed, usually on large trucks but occasionally on smaller vehicles as well. Chain-up areas are provided along the side of the Interstate to facilitate the placement of chains. The pass has been subjected to closures when weather conditions become extreme.</p><br>
<p>A snow shed, constructed in 1950 when the road was known as US-10, formerly covered the westbound lanes, but it has been replaced by avalanche bridges, as of April 2014. The use of sheds (very rare on Interstates) is an admission that plowing cannot keep up with snowfall and avalanches.</p><br>
<p>WSDOT maintains cameras at selected locations along the pass to monitor weather conditions. Some of these cameras can be viewed via the internet.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The area around Snoqualmie Pass consists of mountain chalets that are mainly seasonally occupied by residents of the Seattle metropolitan area, with approximately 150 year-round residents. Winter sports are the main draw, but outdoor recreation is available year-round.</p><br>
<p>The Pacific Crest Trail crosses through Snoqualmie Pass and a variety of other trails are also available for hiking and climbing in the summer, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing during the winter months.</p><br>
<p>Snoqualmie Pass is also the site of the Summit at Snoqualmie, a group of alpine ski areas managed by Boyne USA Resorts. The Summit consists of four ski areas: Alpental, Summit West (formerly named Snoqualmie Summit), Summit Central (formerly Ski Acres), and Summit East (formerly Hyak). The Summit at Snoqualmie is the closest ski area to Seattle.</p><br>
<p>Snowmobiling just east of the pass is also popular during the winter months. Also in the summer and fall, paragliders and hang gliders may be seen flying above the valley, along the ridge and landing at Lake Keechelus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Snoqualmie Pass was well known to the Native Americans of the region. Hudson&#39;s Bay Company trappers and traders were active in the Snoqualmie and Yakima valleys during the early 19th century. They knew about Snoqualmie Pass but information about their use of it is vague. A possible early use of the pass was that of A.C. Anderson, who drove cattle across the Cascades in 1841, via a pass he called "Sinahomish Pass".</p><br>
<p>George B. McClellan and his lieutenant Abiel W. Tinkham explored the Snoqualmie Pass region in 1853 and 1854. Their goal was to find a pass better suited for a railroad than Naches Pass, where the Naches Trail crossed the Cascade Mountains. They explored from the east side of the mountains, reaching the vicinity of Yakima Pass. Tinkham continued down the west side via the Cedar River. McClellan decided not to examine Snoqualmie Pass itself because of unfavorable reports from Natives.</p><br>
<p>In 1856 Major J.H.H. Van Bokkelen, then of the Washington Territory Volunteers (militia), crossed Snoqualmie Pass on a scouting mission. In 1858 several large pack trains bound for mines east of the Cascades crossed the pass. In 1865 a number of Seattle citizens, including Arthur A. Denny, explored the Cedar River, Snoqualmie Pass, and Naches Pass. They reported that Snoqualmie Pass route was a better choice for a road than the old Indian trail over Yakima Pass. By 1867 a toll road had been built over Snoqualmie Pass. Intended to be suitable for wagons, for years the road was only usable by pack trains and for cattle drives.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway (the "Milwaukee Road") completed a line through Snoqualmie Pass in 1909, traveling under the summit via the 2.3 mile Snoqualmie Tunnel, which is now used as a multi-use trail for bicyclists and hikers. The same year, an improved wagon road was built over the pass. The Sunset Highway was opened through the pass in 1915.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the road over the pass became USA Route 10. It began to be plowed and kept open during winter in 1931. By 1933, the first alpine ski hill was cleared at Snoqualmie Pass. In 1934, US 10 was finally paved.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, they began to build Interstate 90 across the pass.</p><br>
<p>Since 1991, the Mountains to Sound Greenway Trust has acted to protect the scenic value of the I-90 corridor over Snoqualmie Pass.</p><br>
<p>The Versailles Town Hall and Wayne Township House, located at 4 West Main Street in Versailles, Ohio, in the United States, is an historic brick town hall building built between 1875 and 1876 by joint resolution of the Versailles Village Council and the Wayne Township Trustees. It is also known as the Versailles Village Hall. On February 18, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During June and July, 1875, the Versailles Village Council and the Wayne Township Trustees met and agreed to build a structure to be called the Versailles Town Hall and Wayne Township House, for the joint use of both governmental bodies. Completed by local builders in the following year, it served originally as the jail and fire station, and also included in the building were community meeting rooms and a theater. Among the most distinctive features of the building&#39;s architecture are large double doors at the entrance, topped with a prominent transom. Such a structure is quite uncommon in the villages of western Ohio, where fine Italianate town halls are very rare.</p><br>
<p>The Town Hall and Township House was one of the few structures to survive a massive fire that destroyed most of downtown Versailles in 1901. Today, the building houses the village&#39;s municipal offices, police department, and rescue squad. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 because of its place in local history and because of its well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Pavant Range  is a mountain range in central Utah east of Fillmore. The range is named for the Pahvant tribe, a branch of the Ute Indians. The tallest peak is Mine Camp Peak at 10,222 ft. Most of the land in the Pavant range is part of Fishlake National Forest.</p><br>
<p>Richfield lies in the Sevier River valley to the southeast of the range and Fillmore lies in the Pavant Valley along the northwest side of the range.</p><br>
<p>The Pavant Range merges into the Tushar Mountains on the south.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Interstate 15 crosses the extreme north end of the range at Scipio pass, near Scipio. Interstate 70 crosses at a pass between the Pavant Range and the Tushar Mountains to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Meteorite</h2><br>
<p>Iron meteorite fragments with a mass of 240 g named the Salina meteorite were found in the Pavant Range in 1908.</p><br>
<p>W.T. Blackwell & Co. Tobacco was a tobacco manufacturer in Durham, North Carolina. It was best known as the original producer of Bull Durham Tobacco, the first nationally-marketed brand of tobacco products. The Blackwell tobacco factory in Durham, built in 1874, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977. It is included in the American Tobacco Company Manufacturing Plant historic district, and is now occupied by apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the occupation of Durham by various military forces in the American Civil War, the quality of some of its tobacco was recognized. Former soldiers sought to acquire the tobacco produced by John Ruffin Green, who created the Bull Durham logo. Green in 1868 partnered with William T. Blackwell, who after Greens death formed a partnership with Julian S. Carr to continue producing and marketing the brand. The company experienced rapid growth, due in part to one of the nations first nationwide advertising campaigns, which made the Bull Durham logo widely recognizable. The Bull Durham brand continued, through ownership changes, until 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Factory</h2><br>
<p>The Blackwell factory, located at the corner of West Pettigrew and Blackwell Streets in Durham, was built in stages between 1874 and 1903. It is a four story brick building, with commercial Italianate style. It has a central courtyard, and was, at 94,000 ft&sup2, once billed as the world&#39;s largest tobacco factory. The Bull Durham brand was manufactured at this facility until 1957, when its manufacture was transferred to a plant in Richmond, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Manor House, formally known as Belmont Plantation, is a two-story, five-part Federal mansion in Loudoun County, Virginia, built between the years of 1799–1802 by Ludwell Lee , son of Richard Henry Lee. The land surrounding the mansion, the Belmont property, was handed down to his first wife , Flora Lee, from their grandfather, Thomas Lee.</p><br>
<p>Located in Ashburn, Virginia, the Belmont Manor House and property have been owned since 1995 by Toll Brothers, Inc. It uses the Manor House as the clubhouse in a gated golf community. The property and house are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation has been visited by many notable figures in history including President James Madison in 1812. The President was said to use the plantation as a safe haven throughout the War of 1812 after the British attacked Washington, D.C. Another figure who visited the plantation was General and diplomat La Fayette, who came to the Manor home to visit Ludwell Lee in 1825.</p><br>
<p>The Manor home is located at the highest point in eastern Loudoun County, with views of the surrounding hills and mountain ranges of the approaches to the nearby town of Leesburg, Virginia and the Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><br>
<p>In 1836 Margaret Mercer purchased the Belmont home from Lee; she intended to adapt it as a women&#39;s Christian school. Afterward the home was bought by Kansas governor Frederick Staunton, who sold it in 1907 to John Scott Ferguson, a Pittsburgh attorney and cousin of Evelyn Nesbit Thaw. In 1915, Ferguson sold it to the McLean family. The McLean family is notable as the owners of the Hope Diamond.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, Edward B. McLean, son of the publisher of the Washington Post. acquired the property and built a horse stable and training track for Thoroughbreds. McLean dispersed his bloodstock in June 1931 and in December the estate was sold to Patrick J. Hurley and his wife. Hurley is notable as the Secretary of War under President Herbert Hoover. In 1963, the IBM Corporation bought the property and adapted it as their management retreat center. By the 1980s, the house had fallen into disrepair and required renovation, with extensive damage to the inside.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Toll Brothers, Inc. purchased the property to build a golf community gated community around it, while using the renovated Manor home as a clubhouse. It received an extensive addition to incorporate restaurants and the club house, all within the overall architectural theme and style of the original home. Within the original home, despite the damage sustained from neglect, various bas relief artworks and plasterwork remained in place.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The Belmont Manor house sits on the peak of the plantation property and one of the highest points in eastern Loudoun County. It has many panoramic views of the countryside and the Blue Ridge Mountains. This house was traditionally home to a "rich equestrian tradition"—steeplechase racing, and fox hunting.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is encased with a portico with two Doric columns on either side, elaborate and decorative detail throughout. The first floor consists of a large center hall, the foyer, which is encased on either side by two large reception rooms that are all decorated with paneled wainscoting. The reception rooms on the East and West side both have their own fireplace with mantels that said to be gifts to Lafayette in 1825. The stairway is an ornamental structure in the center hall section that has a "molded handrail and thin, square balusters, three to a step." On the second floor, there are bedrooms with ornamental federal style woodwork, along with a fancy bath. The house has been restored to its appearance in the beginning of the 19th century. It was remodeled once in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The only outbuilding of the Manor house that is still standing today is a small, stone smokehouse. A cemetery is located on the west side of the manor house and holds the grave of Ludwell Lee.</p><br>
<p>Lough Gara  is a lake in County Sligo, Ireland. It is an Important Bird Area protecting 1,788 ha of which most  is covered by a Ramsar Site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lough Gara was known in ancient times as Loch Techet, but the O’Garas, during their ownership of the Coolavin district from about the thirteenth century, renamed the lake “Loch Uí Ghadhra”. The first documented reference appeared in 1285. Even though the family lost control of all their Coolavin townlands about 1650, their name has remained on the lake to the present day. The area around Lough Gara is referred to as “O&#39;Gara heartland”.</p><br>
<h2>Location and size</h2><br>
<p>Lough Gara is situated mainly in south Sligo in the parishes of Kilfree, Killaraght and Kilcolman, and Monasteraden with part of the lake stretching over the Sligo border into Kilnamanagh, a north Roscommon parish. From north to south the lake spans about four miles. The widest section stretches from the townland of Tawnymucklagh on the western shore, to Rathtermon and Ross on the eastern shore where more than a two and a half mile span lies. The lake lies south west of the Curlew Mountains with the town of Ballaghaderreen situated almost four miles to the southwest and the town of Boyle positioned just over four miles from its north eastern corner. Water is supplied to the lake by the Lung River, which enters at the southwestern angle, and the Breedoge River, which enters the lake at the southeastern angle. From the main upper lake the outflow is through the northeastern corner at Cuppanagh, the channel has one wide stretch about a mile long, which is called Lower Lough Gara. From that point the water flow is termed the Boyle river which flows past the town of Boyle into Lough Key and on to the Shannon. The lake has a number of islands. The main upper lake is divided into two sections with a strip of land and Clooncunny Bridge in between.</p><br>
<h2>Iron age crannogs</h2><br>
<p>Many of the islands on Lough Gara are man-made islands called crannógs. An article on Iron Age Crannogs in Lough Gara was published in Archaeology Ireland (Volume 14 No.2 Issue No.52 Summer 2000). The author of the essay, Christina Fredengran, the archaeologist who recently worked on a few of the sites, points out that some of the man-made islands were built over two thousand years ago.</p><br>
<p>The Chowan County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at East King and Court Streets in Edenton, the county seat of Chowan County, North Carolina. Built in 1767, it is one of the finest examples of public Georgian architecture in the American South. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The old Chowan County Courthouse is located in downtown Edenton, at the northwest corner of East King and Court Streets. It is separated from the city waterfront by a one-block park. It is a two-story, "T"-shaped Georgian style building. It has a one-story semicircular apse at its center rear and features a two-stage wooden cupola with ogival roof surmounted by a tall-weathervane. The interior has a large courtroom on the ground floor, and a ballroom on the second. The building has seen only relatively modest alterations.</p><br>
<p>Edenton was settled in 1658 and incorporated in 1727, and is counted as the first permanent European settlement in North Carolina. Its first courthouse, built in 1719, was also the seat of the colonial assembly, and was located on the land of the park. This courthouse was built in 1767, and its design has been attributed to Gilbert Leigh, who was living in Edenton at the time of its construction. It has also been attributed to John Hawks, who was also active in North Carolina at the time.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is one of several sites of. Other historic sites open for tour include the James Iredell House, Roanoke River Light, Barker House, Cupola House and St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>Mörtsjön  is a small lake in Huddinge Municipality, south of Stockholm in Sweden. Part of the Orlången Nature Reserve, Mörtsjön is also one of the smaller lakes of the Tyresån Lake System,</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>Prince Eugen painted some of his well-known romantic landscapes by the lake in the late 19th century. The homestead Charlottendal on the north-eastern corner of the lake is surrounded by old agricultural land where inorganic fertilisers and pesticides have never been used, and, as a consequence, contains many rare species, such as common rockrose, dithering-grass and scarlet waxy cap. The lush landscape around the lake makes it popular for walking, bathing, fishing, and other open-air activities.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental impact</h3><br>
<p>The shallow lake is eutrophic. Levels of phosphorus are relatively high, while levels of nitrogen are normal. There are very few human structures in the catchment area, why most of nutrients reaching the lake stems from the surrounding forests. Clearfelling in the end of the 1970s caused increased levels of nitrogen in the lake over the following years and ensuing fish kill probably caused by algal bloom. The shallowness of the lake still tends to cause a shortage of oxygen, which during winters can suffocate fishes.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>an inventory of aquatic plants in 1998 resulted in the following list: reed, club-rush, narrow-leafed cattail, water horsetail, wood club-rush, greater spearwort, yellow iris, water hemlock, water-plantain, marsh cinquefoil, marsh-bedstraw, bog-bean, yellow water-lily, white water-lily, broad-leaved pondweed, curled pondweed, bladderwort, and Fontinalis moss.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a natural habitat for northern pike, perch, roach, rudd, tench, and crucian carp. More than 100 individual mirror carps and scale carps were introduced in 1993. Crayfish plague struck the lake in 1979, but since then the signal crayfish has been introduced.</p><br>
<p>Common birds are mallard, goldeneye, and gull, while heron, merganser, and osprey regularly seek food by the lake among grey willow and goat willow. Aspen, and alder are standing by the shores of the lake, long-tailed tit and lesser spotted woodpecker are present. Other rare species frequently visit the lake, for example the black-throated diver.</p><br>
<p>Mammals found by the lake include: mink, several bats such as northern bat, common noctule, soprano pipistrelle, and whiskered bat. Additionally, some of the species of amphibians and dragonflies common in the Stockholm area are present by the lake.</p><br>
<p>Barton Arcade is a Victorian shopping arcade in Manchester, England, located between Deansgate and St Ann&#39;s Square.</p><br>
<p>The arcade was listed as a Grade II* listed building on the 25 January 1972. The listing includes the "block of shops (Barton&#39;s Building) and offices enclosing the arcades." It was constructed by Corbett, Raby and Sawyer in 1871.</p><br>
<p>Hartwell describes the Barton&#39;s Building facade as "utterly ignorant.. the ground floor pilasters must be seen to be believed." The arcade, however, is "a gorgeous glass and iron shopping arcade with glass domes..., the best example of this type of cast-iron and glass arcade anywhere in the country."</p><br>
<p>The entrance to the arcade on St Ann&#39;s Square incorporates a large, cast iron and glass wall. The two entrances on Deansgate are hidden behind the Barton Building. The building is of "four storeys with an attic, a long nine-bay facade to Deansgate, divided in half horizontally by a balustraded balcony". The structure is composed of cast iron and glass. The iron work was supplied by the Saracen Foundry in Glasgow.</p><br>
<p>The building was one of the first to be built on the newly widened Deansgate. The arcade was restored in the 1980s. The original shop fronts and decorative floor no longer exist.</p><br>
<p>In 1957 the Barton Arcade was sold privately for a sum "in the region of £200,000" for 12 shops and three floors of offices and showrooms. It was bought by an insurance company and Town and City Properties Ltd. The total net floor area was 55,000 sq ft and in 1957 the rent roll was about £17,000 a year. It is named after its original developer.</p><br>
<p>Coolmore Plantation, also known as Coolmore and the Powell House, is a historic plantation house located near Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Built in 1858-61, the main house is one of the finest Italianate style plantation houses in the state. The house and its similarly-styled outbuildings were designed by Baltimore architect E. G. Lind for Dr. Joseph J.W. and Martha Powell. Coolmore was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture in 1978, and is a Save America&#39;s Treasures projects.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Coolmore is located west of Tarboro, on the south side of ALT United States Route 64 east of McNair Road. Set on a curving drive, the main house is a two story wood frame structure, with single-story wings to either side. Its roof is hipped, but there are gabled projections with wide overhanging eaves supported by elaborately cut brackets. First floor windows are paired narrow rectangular sash, set in segmented-arch openings with moulded bracketed hoods, while second-floor windows are paired round-arch sash. The interior is divided into elaborately decorated and unusually shaped chambers. At its center is a freestanding elliptical staircase. One of the downstairs parlors features a high-quality trompe-l&#39;œil mural on the ceiling. Outbuildings with similar exterior styling include servants quarters, smoke house, and a carriage house, all of which sport cupolas similar to that on the main house.</p><br>
<p>The property was donated to Preservation North Carolina in the early 1990s. Opening Coolmore to the general public at this time is not realistic, due to the fragility of its signature oval stairwell, Trompe-l&#39;œil paneling, elaborate plasterwork and decorative painting. So the property has been leased long-term to resident curators, direct descendants of the original builder who open it periodically by appointment and take care of routine operating and capital needs. Preservation North Carolina has taken responsibility for developing a conservation plan for the property and for dealing with the extensive artwork in the main house. An endowment for the property has been started at the North Carolina Community Foundation to help with Coolmore’s long-term care.</p><br>
<p>Coolmore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Cross Mountain is the highest peak in the Bear Pond Mountains, a sub range of the Appalachian Mountains. This grouping of mountains straddle the Maryland and Pennsylvania border.</p><br>
<p>Cross Mountain and Hearthstone Mountain 2,021 ft which is on the Maryland side, form a unique geologic formation known as the "Punchbowl". This feature was created by the weathered shales of the Ordovician age in the center of a south-plunging anticline, having been eroded to expose a large amphitheater like feature (punchbowl). Cross and Hearthstone Mountain are made of hard resistant quartzite of the Tuscarora Formation of the Silurian age.</p><br>
<p>Cross Mountain is also the site of a deactivated microwave relay station, that was used during the Cold War. The unit was encased in a 103 ft. tower, and known as the "Cannonball" site 2. The site was closed in 1977. Access to the summit is still restricted.</p><br>
<p>The Josephus Daniels House, also known as Wakestone, and now the Masonic Temple of Raleigh, is a historic building at 1520 Caswell Street in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1920, it was the home until his death in 1948 of Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson, and a major force in the development of the modern 20th-century United States Navy. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It was purchased after Daniels&#39; death by the local Freemasons, who use it as their meeting hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Daniels House was named Wakestone by Josephus&#39; wife, Addie Worth Bagley Daniels. It stands in a residential area north of downtown Raleigh, on a 3 acre landscaped parcel bounded on the east by Glenwood Avenue (United States Route 70), on the south by Wade Avenue, and on the west by Caswell Street, where the main drive enters the property. The property is separated from other residential properties to the north by a hedgerow. The house is oriented facing west, with a curving drive providing access to parking areas to the west and south (formerly the sites of gardens kept by the Danielses). The house is a 2-1/2 story stone structure, roughly U-shaped, with a rectangular main block and two wings extending eastward to the rear. The area between the two rear wings has been filled in and extended further east with a large meeting space added by the Masons in the 1950s. This addition is built of similar stone to the main house, and does not detract from the view of the house as seen from the front.</p><br>
<p>The front facade of the house is dominated by a four-column neoclassical Greek portico, its columns capped by Egyptian capitals, and supporting a fully pedimented gable. The main entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, which rise to an architrave and an iron-balustraded balcony for the second floor. The interior of the house retains many fine finishes, although some of its upstairs bedrooms have been converted into meeting spaces, and much of the eastern outer wall was removed to provide access to the large meeting wing.</p><br>
<p>Josephus Daniels, for whom the house was built in 1920, was one of the most important US Secretaries of the Navy in the 20th century, serving from 1913-21 under President Woodrow Wilson. Daniels brought the Navy to a wartime footing during World War I, and oversaw many improvements and reforms in its operations and practices. He provided educational opportunities for poor and illiterate personnel, provided for the enlistment of women, banned alcohol from the officer&#39;s mess, and combatted collusive bidding practices in government contracting. He later served as United States Ambassador to Mexico, where he antagonized American oil interests by refusing to promote their agenda.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Wolfe House, also known as the Thomas Wolfe Memorial, is a state historic site, historic house and museum located at 52 North Market Street in downtown Asheville, North Carolina. The American author Thomas Wolfe  lived in the home during his boyhood. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with Wolfe. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-story frame house was built in 1883, influenced by Queen Anne Style architecture. By 1906, when Wolfe&#39;s mother, Julia E. (Westall) Wolfe (1860-1945), bought the house, it was a boarding house named "Old Kentucky Home". She soon went to live at her business with Tom, while the other Wolfes remained at their Woodfin Street residence. Wolfe lived at the boarding house until he went to the University of North Carolina in 1916. Julia Wolfe enlarged the house in 1917 by adding five rooms.</p><br>
<p>Wolfe used the house as the setting for his first novel, Look Homeward, Angel (1929). Changing the name of his mother&#39;s boarding house to "Dixieland" in his autobiographical fiction, he incorporated his own experiences among family, friends and boarders into the book.</p><br>
<p>The house became a memorial to Wolfe after his mother&#39;s death (he having died relatively young of tuberculosis). It has been open to visitors since the 1950s, owned by the state of North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources since 1976 and designated as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The home is relatively unchanged from the time of its construction. The house was built with handmade brick and has interior walls 14 inches (36 cm) thick. The interior walls are plaster on brick. Three rooms and the foyer feature hand-painted wall treatments created in the mid-19th century. The most elaborate painting is found in the parlor, where an unknown artisan used blue, lavender, burgundy, and gold leaf to create beautiful designs throughout, including a detailed cross motif above the door.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling in the parlor is also decorated with gold leaf and the mantle features a faux marble finish which has deteriorated, but is still visible. Several doors in the house were decorated using a technique known as faux bois, or painting a common wood to look like a finer wood. In the William S. Simmons plantation, this technique was used to add wood grain and even the appearance of panels to several doors.</p><br>
<p>The home is a traditional two-story Georgia central hall plan which features a main hall running from the front to the back of the house, with four symmetrical rooms on each floor. The central hall contains a hand carved staircase leading to the second floor. There is an additional staircase located off the living room which leads to a private upstairs bedroom, believed to have originally served as a nursery.</p><br>
<p>The home has heart pine floors throughout with one foot (30 cm) wide baseboards, door trim, and window casements. Each of the eight rooms features a fireplace. In all but one room, the mantles are hand carved. The eighth room, currently used as a kitchen, has a stone fireplace and hearth.</p><br>
<p>The home also has a daylight basement accessed by a narrow stairway off the central hall. The basement has a masonry floor and an additional fireplace. There is a door which once led outside, but now opens under a 20th-century bathroom addition to the home. The door most likely was once used to bring food into the home from a brick cookhouse located behind the main house.</p><br>
<p>The brick cookhouse is known as the "Cherokee Kitchen". According to legend, Cherokee Indian sub-chief David Vann lived in this structure at one time. David Vann served as treasurer of the Cherokee nation and Vann’s Valley, where Cave Spring is now located, is named for him.</p><br>
<p>The cookhouse is constructed of the same handmade brick used in the building of the main house. It has two rooms with large fireplaces, one with a built-in oven.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In A History of Rome and Floyd County Volume I, reference is made to David Vann living temporarily at "The Lake House" in Cave Spring. Although "The Lake House" could refer to James Lake, an early Cave Spring settler, it is not known whether Lake himself built the extant structures on the William S. Simmons plantation.</p><br>
<p>What is known is that Armstead Richardson, another early settler and founder of Cave Spring, settled in Vann’s Valley in 1828 and amassed a large amount of land.</p><br>
<p>Richardson sold this land to William S. Simmons, who in turn sold the land to Carter W. Sparks. Lake bought the property from Sparks in 1849. It is not known for certain whether Simmons, Carter, or Lake built the plantation home. Not only an early settler, Lake served on the Board of Commissioners for the Cave Spring School of the Deaf, then known as the Georgia Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the Lake family until 1875, when all 240 acres (97 ha) and structures were sold to W.T. Gibson. Gibson then sold the property to Green Cunningham. Upon his death in 1885, his niece Willie P. Montgomery inherited the property.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery sold the property in 1937 to her daughter, Lucille Montgomery. J.H. Wesley purchased the home and land from Montgomery in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The plantation home remained in the Wesley family until 2008, when only the house, including the Cherokee kitchen, was sold. The Wesley family still retains ownership of over two hundred acres (80 ha) surrounding the historic structures.</p><br>
<p>The Hennepin is a shipwreck off the east coast of Lake Michigan, west of South Haven, Michigan. The ship was originally built in October 1888 and sank on August 18, 1927. Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates found the ship in 2006 and conducted several dives to assess the condition of the wreck. The wreck was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 1, 2008. It is significant as the first self-unloading bulk carrier.</p><br>
<h2>Career</h2><br>
<p>The ship was originally built as the George H. Dyer by the firm of Wolf and Davidson in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was equipped with a steam engine at the time. The ship changed owners a few times, and in 1898, it was later the Hennepin, after Louis Hennepin, an explorer of the Great Lakes.</p><br>
<p>On June 27, 1901, the ship caught fire in Buffalo, New York. The fire damaged most of the upper deck and most of the machinery. The ship was sold to the Lake Shore Stone Company, who fitted it with a conveyor belt and made it a self-unloading ship. This was the world&#39;s first self-unloading ship, and it provided the paradigm for the many self-unloading vessels in use today. The ship had a 1600-ton capacity. It was put to work loading stone from a quarry in Stone Haven, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>Later, in 1923, it was purchased by Construction Materials Corporation and put to use hauling construction aggregate from a quarry on the Grand River to Chicago. The hull was wearing out and becoming unstable, so the ship was converted to a barge by removing its engine. It was hauled by the tugboats Ufasco in 1926 and Lotus in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>Loss</h2><br>
<p>On August 18, 1927, around 10:30 AM, the Hennepin ran into a squall in the middle of Lake Michigan. The vessel had sprung a leak, and although the crew worked to save the ship, the pumps could not keep up with the volume of water coming in. The crew worked until 2:30 PM that afternoon, but they were unsuccessful, and the crew abandoned ship for the safety of the tugboat Lotus. The Hennepin finally sank around 6:00 PM. Upon the return to port, Captain Ole Hansen said, "She died a hard death."</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates members were searching for the wreck of Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501 in 2006. In the process of mapping out sections of the lake, they discovered debris on the bottom that appeared to be a wreck. At first, they identified a small structure that they nicknamed a "rib cage", but more searching revealed a ship. They sent a team of technical divers to explore the wreck, which was in about 200 ft of water. The team examined a capstan and discovered the name "G.H. Dyer" stamped onto the cover, which confirmed it as the Hennepin. The pilothouse had been blown off when it sank, but the wheel was still in place and intact. The ship had hit stern-first as identified by the wreckage. The conveyor belts and the A-frame crane structure were still in place and further identified the ship as the Hennepin.</p><br>
<p>The Millett Opera House, home of the Austin Club, is a historic building in downtown Austin, Texas. Built in 1878 by local lumber seller Charles Millett on one of his lots, the house was one of the largest performance spaces in Texas upon its completion. It featured 800 removable seats, 24-inch limestone walls, and the largest enclosed space in Texas. The Opera House was designed by Frederick Ruffini, a noted architect working throughout Texas.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Public Free Schools (today the Austin Independent School District) purchased the opera house in 1940. In the 1950s, it was threatened with demolition, but preserved by a local group of concerned citizens. It housed a printing company until 1979, when a long-term lease was arranged for the Austin Club, a local private social club.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Club renovated the building and divided it into three stories, removing the performance space, but a portion of the original hand-painted ceiling is still installed in one of the meeting rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at 110 East Ninth Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
